Types of Storage

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Sooner or later you will need to know the differences between memory storage and disk storage and their units of measurement.

Memory storage (more accurately known as Random Access Memory, or RAM for short) is the amount of space given to your programs to run inside. Imagine a gym building on a budget that's about half the size of conventional gym buildings. While this might be a suitable amount of space for one or two track runners, it would quickly become less than ideal environment to hold the state championships where there will be many more people and track runners. Performance is inhibited and these active participants moving about will eventually have to slow down to allow room for others to get by. This is the scenario running programs experience. The more memory there is available, the more efficiently and quickly programs will run. Similarly, if you have an ample amount of memory space, but begin to launch too many programs or try to do too many things at once, you may start to notice a decrease in performance as the room fills up, regardless if the program is running in the foreground or in the background.

However, available space in memory storage is not occupied if a program is not running. Rather, they remain dormant within your computer's disk storage, more accurately known as hard drive space. The difference here is hard drive space is intended for storing programs and files for everyday use. When installing a program, it will be installed to your hard drive.

So what is the correlation between disk (or hard drive) space and memory storage?

When launching a program, you may notice a splash screen indicating the program is loading. What is happening here is that once you've launched the program, your operating system will literally begin to load your program from where it is installed on the hard drive and into where it can be infused with kinetic energy to run in the available amount of RAM you have. When your program has been fully loaded into RAM, that is when you'll see the splash screen disappear and your program opened on the screen.

So how do we measure the amount of memory storage and disk storage on our computer?

For the most part, this information is already provided to us, either written on the hardware component itself or on the box the computer came in. In the case where you might be upgrading your RAM computer chips, it should be found on the case it came in.

Disk storage capacities are measured in bytes using the following general guidelines:

A bit is a single binary digit and is the smallest unit of measurement.There are 8 bits in 1 byte (or B for short).There are 1,024 bytes in a kilobyte (KB).There are 1,024 kilobytes in a megabyte (MB). Now obsolete, "high density" floppy disks were 1.44 MB in size.There are 1,024 megabytes in a gigabyte (GB). The most common disk storage capacity found, ranging anywhere from 120-500 GB drives.There are 1,024 gigabytes in a terabyte (TB) which are very recent and in use in homes and offices now.

And finally there are 1,024 terabytes in a petabyte (PB) which you will probably never see in your life outside of Google. Probably.

To give you an idea as to how fast technology develops, in 2004 you could purchase a measly 32 MB flash drive (disk storage type) for about $35. Today you can purchase a 32,000 MB (or 32 GB) flash drive for the same price, $35.

Memory storage capacities are measured using the same units, albeit much smaller and more expensive. Common sizes range anywhere from 512 MB to 8 and 16 GB. These look nothing like hard drives or flash drives, but rather are long and skinny computer chips (we use the term loosely, "sticks" of RAM) that are plugged directly into the motherboard in any of the available RAM slots present.

Read more hardware related articles from MyNanoTech.com at http://mynanotech.com/computer-basics/hardware

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The Different Types Of Employee Database Software

Nowadays, there are many different types of employee database software available in the marketplace. These include operational information systems, transactional processing systems, decision support systems (DSS), and expert and artificial intelligence systems.

The operational information system will be useful to Human Relations (HR) managers because it will gather comprehensive information and summarize and organize this information. This type of system accesses information using a transactional processing system and will organize this information it into a useable form. Operational information employee database software systems can be used by HR Managers to obtain performance related information including sales, inventory, and accounting in addition to maintaining employee records.

Transactional processing employee database software systems are designed to handle both a large volume of routine and recurring transactions. When mainframe computers came about in the '60s these processing systems were first introduced. These days, transactional processing employee database software packages are used by many different companies. HR managers can often use these systems to accomplish such tasks as employee payroll, customer billing, and supplier payments, while also maintaining employee records. Banks use them to record deposits and payments into accounts and supermarkets use them to record sales and to track inventory.

Problems that are usually solved with human expertise by capturing that human expertise in a computer are known as expert and artificial intelligence systems. Once these computers recognize and formulate the problem and explain the solution, they will learn from the experience because they mimic human expertise and intelligence.

Without any help from a computer expert, a decision support system (DSS) is an interactive computer system which may be used by HR managers. An HR manager can access the required information to make an informed decision by using a DSS.

Depending on the communicating and electronic processing information, the loss of the crucial human element can cause potential problems. Sometimes, the employee database software system won't be able to effective summarize the problem due to the complex nature of the employee information. There is also some information that is so rich in content that it is required to be coordinated and managed by the HR department or simply can't be quantified. For example, it is probably wrong to evaluate an employee's performance based only on numbers that are generated by a system of employee database software. A face to face meeting should be employed to discuss the nature of the problem even though these numbers may indicate a problem with the performance of an employee.

Click here for more information: http://www.db-pros.com/hr/HR_Tracking_Database_Software.aspx

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Types of Cloud Computing

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Cloud computing has three different types of services to offer. Depending on the users' requirements, each type of cloud computing service is employed either individually or in combination with others. Following is a brief on the three types of cloud computing services.

Software as a service (SaaS)
SaaS is also known as "on-demand software". The users of SaaS instead of completely buying the license of different software rent the software periodically and use them through an internet browser. The variety of software made available by SaaS is very wide. There are a number of software delivered by SaaS used by businesses that deal in content management, human resource management, accounting, ERP, customer relationship management and other relevant areas.

The software-as-a-service type of cloud computing is growing very fast while the largest market for software-as-a-service current is customer relationship management.

Platform as a Service (PaaS)
(PaaS) provides computing platforms to users of cloud computing. It is also the link between the other two services provided by cloud computing i.e. SaaS and IaaS.

A normal computer requires a computing platform that includes hardware architecture along with a framework of software. Such a platform is the base of collaboration of the hardware and software that includes the computer's operating system, architecture and languages. Hence, when it comes to cloud computing, in the absence of a real computer, it is Platform as a Service that provides the users with all that is required to compose a computing platform.

Some of the facilities that PaaS offers include hosting, deployment, testing, and application development and application design. Furthermore, cloud service providers offering PaaS include a number of features to design, test, deploy, host and run applications. All of these facilities can be availed by individual as well as business clients by subscribing to a single package with all of the features included.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
IaaS is the third type of computing via the cloud. Just like PaaS and SaaS deliver different software and hardware facilities based on a cloud platform, IaaS delivers a virtualized platform. The process of hardware virtualization shows users only the abstract computing platform instead of the physical features. Such virtualization leads to the creation of what is known as 'virtual machine monitor' or 'hypervisor' that enables the creation of the third part of cloud computing i.e. Interface as a Service.

Infrastructure that becomes available to the users of Interface as a Service includes software, servers, network equipment and data-center space. The cost charged by cloud service providers from customers generally depends on the amount of activity done by the user and hence, is not fixed. There is however, a minimum amount of charge depending upon the number of facilities a user has subscribed too.

There are a number of advantages of using this computer technology. However, each type of service comes with its own set of advantages and drawbacks. In order to make the right decision, it is imperative that users carefully weigh the pros and cons.

For more information about Cloud Computing visit Ancoris who are are an authorised Google Apps Reseller offering help with cloud computing and enterprise security solutions including Google Sites.

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Getting to Know the Types of Printer Ink Cartridges

Although it's not essential to know the different inkjet printer cartridge types that are available, it may be worth finding out as this information could lead to saving you money when you print your photos, documents, greeting cards and emails.

To help you understand the differences we have put this small guide together which may prove interesting if you want to discover the three main types of inkjet cartridge that are currently available.

1.Original Inkjet Cartridge

When you buy a new printer from an online store or from a high street outlet you will generally find that a set of ink cartridges have been included in the box along with the printer. The cartridges packaged have been produced by the same company who manufactured the printer and these cartridges are referred to as OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) or Original ink cartridges.

Original inks will usually be the most expensive type of cartridge that is available and the reason for the higher price is that manufacturers rely on the fact that customers look for their brand name on the box and will pay the higher charge with the comfort of knowing that they have chosen replacement ink cartridges made by the manufacturer of the printer itself.

2.Re-manufactured Inkjet Cartridge

Re-manufactured cartridges are cheaper alternative printer cartridges but may not be suitable for all printers. These cartridges are basically original cartridges that have been used till empty, had worn parts replaced and then refilled.

In some cases the cartridge can be filled with more ink than the cartridge contained when first sold. Re-manufactured cartridges are put through many tests to make sure they match the quality of original cartridges before they are sold.

Re-manufactured cartridges can be refilled by the user. There are many refill kits available although the quality of printing cannot be guaranteed to that of a cartridge refilled using a specialist refilling machine.

Recycling these cartridges is also an option and there are many schemes that pay you for your empty cartridges.

3.Compatible Inkjet Cartridge

This type of ink cartridge is generally the cheapest option. They are manufactured by third part companies and frowned upon by printer manufacturers. Compatible cartridges can perform as well as the other two types of cartridges and the savings in replacement inks can be huge if you do print a lot.

Because of the minimal cost to produce this type of ink cartridge, compatible inks are not usually refilled and are simply thrown away after use, although you may refill if you wish.

When you are thinking of buying a new printer carry out a little research about the cartridges it uses and the types that will fit. By completing a little research you could save a lot of money during your printer's life.

Anthony Jones writes articles and guides for an ink cartridge retailer in the UK. Anthony loves technology and hopes his articles help those looking for advise or a helping hand when it comes to printing at home or in the office.

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POP3, IMAP, SMTP: Different Email Server Types and How to Use Them to Setup Windows Mail

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Email services all utilize one (or more) of the three standard email servers: POP3, IMAP, and SMTP. Each of these servers store and deliver emails in different ways. They are all used by Internet-based companies, like Gmail, Microsoft, AOL and Yahoo!, so customers can conveniently check their email from anywhere.

What is a POP3 server?

POP3 stands for Post Office Protocol 3. This kind of server works a lot like a post office box, it holds your mail there on the server until you check it. When you check your email, your messages are downloaded from the server to your computer. Usually your messages will be deleted off of the server once you download them by checking your mail. This is probably the most common type of server used by personal email accounts.

What is an IMAP server?

IMAP stands for Internet Message Access Protocol. This is traditionally more of a business-oriented mail server. With an IMAP server, you have access to your messages without downloading them first. You can organize, preview, and even delete messages directly on the server. Copies of your emails are stored on the server until you delete them, even if you download the messages to your computer.

What is an SMTP server?

SMTP stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. This kind of server only handles outgoing email messages. It works in conjunction with either a POP3 or an IMAP server by sending out any and all outgoing mail while the other server handles the incoming mail.

Why do I need to know this?

If you ever need to set up one common email account (Windows Live, Outlook) that will check and download emails from multiple accounts, you'll need to know what type of servers are used for incoming and outgoing mail on each account.

SET UP WINDOWS MAIL FOR ALL YOUR EMAIL ACCOUNTS

An integrated part of Windows Live Essentials, Windows Mail allows you one-stop access for all of your email accounts. This localized email program can integrate Hotmail, AOL Mail, Yahoo! Mail, Gmail, etc. into one convenient location on your PC.

Each email address belongs to a separate folder in your Windows Mail Inbox, allowing you to keep your emails organized while still accessing them from one place.

What Do I Need to Set Up My Account?

For each email account you want to add to your Windows Mail, collect the following information.

1. The email address and password.

2. The type of email server your account uses: POP3, IMAP, SMTP.

3. The incoming and outgoing addresses of your email servers. Server addresses for some of the more popular email services are as follows:

a. Gmail Incoming: pop.gmail.com, Gmail Outgoing: smtp.gmail.com

b. Yahoo! Incoming: pop.mail.yahoo.com, Yahoo! Outgoing: smtp.mail.yahoo.com

c. AOL Incoming: imap.aol.com, AOL Outgoing: smtp.aol.com

4. Whether or not your outgoing email server requires authentication.

Setting up Your Windows Mail Account

1. Click on your Start button and then All Programs.

2. Find Windows Mail and click on it.

3. Under your Windows Mail Tools menu, click on Accounts.

4. Click Add.

5. Click on Email Account and then click Next. Just follow the instructions for filling in the necessary info about that particular account.

6. Repeat the process for each additional email account you wish to set up.

Now you're all set to start accessing all your email accounts from one program and cross off Simplify Life from today's To Do list.

For more information on Optimizing your PC, visit our extensive information blog at http://www.fixcleaner.com/blog Here, you can find easy access to articles on fixing errors and optimizing all sorts of Windows functions. You can even get tips and tricks on how to navigate your way across the new frontier of Internet Social Media.

Julie Dreese is a freelance writer and editor who attempts to perform her own tech support through thorough research and anyone-can-do-it solutions.

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The Suitability Of Generic Ink In All Types Of Printers

If you want to run your own business, you better get ready to work long hours. You should know starting out that the odds are not in your favor; if you're like most, you won't make it to the five year mark. You have to be clever to beat the odds. If you were planning on hiring a lot of employees, think again. Try to outsource as much as possible. Also, consider working from home instead of renting an office. For the first couple of years, you will have to adopt an Ebenezer Scrooge mindset. Another important thing to keep in mind is choosing the right equipment.

It's vitally important that you get only what you need. Get the cheapest desk you see as long as it won't fall apart in a few weeks. Wait until your business is stronger before you start making major investments. If you have a computer and a 3-in-1 printer, you probably have everything you need to conduct business. Don't fall into the trap of buying things just because they seem appropriate. Again, get only what you need. If you need to print, scan, and fax but don't have enough money for all the equipment, get the Canon L170. It's great for small offices.

Even if your business fails, you could use your 3-in-1 printer for home use. It's really an investment that keeps paying off. To save even more money, forget about the name brand ink and just buy generic. It is equally good yet a cheap ink. One of the best things about the Canon L170 is its energy efficiency. That means you save money when you buy it and when you use it. That's a good deal if you ask me.

Who cares about the high cost of printer ink? Thanks to laser printing technology, this printer can offer a better cost per page ratio, higher quality prints, and a lower cost per refill cartridge. Whether you are running a business or trying to get a little work done in a busy household, speed is critical. With the L170, you can print 19 pages per minute!

To facilitate speedy, efficient communication, the L170 was built with one of the fastest modems around. This machine is great for anyone looking to save money on cheap ink. Since the invention of the home computer, no one has seen such an incredible device. With this incredible machine, Canon has finally established itself as a leader in their industry.

Peachtree INK specialize in helping consumers to find|achieve high-quality printer ink cartridges at the most affordable rates. To find out more about cheap ink visit us at peachtreeink.com or email us at info@peachtreeink.com

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Chronograph Watches - The Types

Copyright (c) 2011 Joe Maldonado

Timepieces which come with dual functionality of time keeping as well as stopwatch are known was the chronograph watches. These watches actually date back to the 18th century but then, there were not available in form of wrist watches. The chronograph wrist watches have come to existence way after the first chronograph watch was made which was then not available to general public for a considerable time frame. However now, the wristwatches with chronograph function are available for all and everyone with a proper purchasing power can own a chrono wristwatch. Today, even when the chronographs have taken the form of a wristwatch, there are some pocket chronographs available. They are actually meant for those who want to have some vintage style watch.

The analog chronograph watches have functions for both time keeping as well as stopwatch function. There are analog hands for doing this. In general the main stopwatch function is performed by the central hand of the watch and there are sub dials which are meant for indicating seconds, minutes and hours. The analogue chronographs are capable of showing tenths and some are capable of showing hundredths of fractions of a second. The buttons for the analog performance are actually placed at the side of the watch generally at 2 o' clock, 4 o' clock and 9 o' clock positions. However, there are some analog variations which are known as Bull-one head. The watches with this variation will have the chronograph buttons at the top of the dial and not at the side of the dial.

The digital version of these chronograph watches generally have a digital display for both the stopwatch function as well as timekeeping function. These digital watches can have different displays or they can have the same display with switching function. There are buttons for switching the modes which will allow people to switch between time keeping and stopwatch by pressing the buttons. Again, there are some chronograph watches which are an amalgamation of analogue and digital formats of the chronographs. The analogue portion will be responsible for showing the time (time keeping) while the digital display will actually work for the stop watch function. It is because of this the analog segment and the digital segment work independently of each other. The stop watch can be easily reset to zero on the digital segment without causing any problem or loss of second in the time keeping analog segment.

There are different materials which can be used to make the chronograph watches. They are generally made of steel or titanium and sometimes of gold (actually they are gold plated). However, keeping in mind that there are middle class segment of people who also want to get hold of these stylish watches, they are also made out of aluminum or a combination of steel and high quality plastic. These chronograph watches are extremely stylish and they are generally crafted to perfection and precision. However, there can be manufacturing defects and hence, people will have to look out for every details before spending their money on a timepiece which can change the way they carry themselves.

Next, learn more about chronograph watch from one of the most popular resourceful websites on the internet free of charge as of now.

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